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Concept for the Energy Supply
The environmental tolerability of a museum’s in-house technology is of fundamental importance to its planning and running. In the case of MUSEUM RITTER, the energy used for heating and climate control is supplied almost entirely by regenerative sources, such as solar, biomass and geothermal energy. The energy required for heating-circuit water and cooling water is provided by a solar energy collector, a wood pellet combustion system, and a heat pump.
The solar energy system consists of 47 CPC evacuated tube collectors. With a total output of 100 kW, this covers 40% of the overall heat requirements.
The wood pellet combustion unit works with four ”Pelletti“ boilers with a total output of 120 kW. Heat production with wood pellets is almost entirely CO2 neutral. Wood pellets come in a standardized cylindrical form and are made by compressing dry, untreated wood offcuts, such as shavings and sawdust, or forest wood. The pellets are roughly 6 mm in diameter and 3 cm long. Due to their low residual moisture – when compared to other biogenous fuels – they have a high calorific value of approx. 5 kWh/kg. Consequently the energy yield of one kilogram of pellets is roughly equal to that of half a litre of fuel oil. Wood pellets have already proved to be a much cheaper fuel than heating oil.
In addition, the Museum has a heat pump linked with the building’s 73 foundation piers, all connected by a circulating water supply. From each unit of heat from the ”Pelletti“ boilers or the CPC evacuated tube collectors, the pump produces 1.75 units of usable heat. 40% of the heat in this mode of operation comes from the ground. Heat release is chiefly performed by a floor heating system, which can likewise cool the Museum’s galleries when required.
The very cool temperatures (6–12° C) needed for the air conditioning are gained by means of an EAW absorption refrigerator.The absorption refrigerator is driven by heat from the collectors and, should this be inadequate, from the wood pellet boilers. Less intensive cold (15–18° C) is tapped directly via the foundation piers. A total of 65% of the overall cooling requirements can be gained by the coolness of the ground and thus covered with almost zero running costs, the rest being provided by the absorption refrigerator system.
The geothermal probes, the evacuated tube collectors, the absorption refrigerator, the wood pellet boilers and the heat exchanger are all linked together by means of hydraulic switches. This allows, for example, the absorption refrigerator to be used as a cooling device in summer and as a heat pump in winter, and the geothermal probes as coolers in summer and as a means of sourcing heat in winter.
Air handling systems play an important role in the energy balance of a museum, with its strict specifications regarding room climate. Thanks to optimized flow characteristics and effective strategies for their regulation and control, the air handling units in the newly constructed MUSEUM RITTER demonstrate a 70% reduction in energy demands compared to conventional systems. The source air is fed into the exhibition areas via air outlets in the floor and the spent air extracted via shadow gaps in the illuminated ceiling. A rotating heat exchanger allows 70% of the energy from the exhausted air to be transferred to the incoming air.
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